Appendix 3: LIST OF SAMPLES USED IN MALE CRANIOMETRIC ANALYSES
Sample | cluster | description | Source |
AINU | |||
1 | 1 | Ainu modern | Dodo, 1986 |
1 | 2 | Ainu 19th century | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
MED1AEVAL AND MODERN JAPAN | |||
3 | 2 | Japan modern | Dodo, 1986 |
4 | 2 | Japan mediaeval | Nakahashi, 1993 |
5 | 2 | Japan recent | Nakahashi, 1993 |
6 | 2 | Japan modern | Nakahashi, 1993 |
7 | 2 | Ryuku | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
8 | 2 | Kanto modern Honshu | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
9 | 2 | Tohoku modern Honshu | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
10 | 2 | Kyushu modern | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
11 | 2 | Edo 17-19th century Tokyo | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
12 | 2 | Kamakura 1333 AD | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
JOMON, YAYO1 AND KOFUN JAPAN | |||
13 | 1 | Jomon Tohoku | Dodo, 1986 |
14 | 1 | Jomon Honshu | Dodo, 1986 |
15 | 1 | Jomon | Nakahashi, 1993 |
16 | 1 | Yayoi | Nakahashi, 1993 |
17 | 1 | Kofun | Nakahashi, 1993 |
18 | 1 | Kofun 3rd century AD | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
19 | 1 | Yayoi | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
20 | 1 | Jomon late sites on Honshu | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
MA1NLAND AS1A | |||
21 | 3 | Chinese Manchuria 19th century #1 | Hanihara, 1993 |
22 | 3 | Chinese Manchuria 19th century #2 | Hanihara, 1993 |
23 | 3 | Korea | Hanihara, 1993 |
24 | 3 | Taiwan modern people of south China origin | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
25 | 3 | Hainan (people of Cantonese origin) | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
26 | 3 | Heilongjian & Jilin, N. Korea 19th century | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
27 | 3 | Korea | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
28 | 3 | Hokien | Harrower, 1926 |
29 | 4 | Hong Kong modern | Wang, 1989 |
30 | 3 | Taiyuan Shanxi modern | Wang and Sun, 1988 |
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NEOL1TH1C AND BRONZE AGE | |||
31 | 3 | BanPo Shaanxi Neolithic Yangshao | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
32 | 5 | Huaxian Shaanxi Neolithic Yangshao | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
33 | 4 | Baoji Shaanxi Neolithic Yangshao | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
34 | 3 | Yongdengxian Gansu Neolithic Machang | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
35 | 5 | Miaodigou Henan Neolithic Yangshao-Longshan | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
36 | 5 | Xiawanggang Henan Neolithic | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
37 | 5 | Dawenkou Shandong Neolithic | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
38 | 5 | Xixahou Shandong Neolithic | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
39 | 4 | Tanshishan Fujian Neolithic | Wu and Zhang, 1985 |
40 | 1 | Changyang Hubei Bronze Age | Zhang and Shan, 1992 |
41 | 4 | Shang tombs group 1 Anyang Henan | Han and Qi, 1986 |
42 | 4 | Shang tombs group 2 Anyang Henan | Han and Qi, 1986 |
43 | 1 | Shang tombs group 3 Anyang Henan | Han and Qi, 1986 |
44 | 4 | Shang Dynasty sacrificial tombs Anyang | Han and Qi, 1986 |
45 | 4 | Shijia Shaanxi Neolithic Yangshao | Gao, unpublished data |
46 | 5 | Jiangzhai stage 1 and 2 pooled | Jackes, unpublished data |
47 | 1 | Sakhalin | Pietrusewsky, 1995 |
The following outliers were excluded from the final analysis in order to clarify the relationships among the central sites: | |||
Atayal Taiwan aboriginals | Pietrusewsky, 1995 | ||
Mongolia Ulan Bator | Pietrusewsky, 1995 | ||
Hedang Guangdong Neolithic | Wu and Zhang, 1985 | ||
Pingyang Helongjiang Bronze Age | Pan, 1990 | ||
The following samples or studies were not used because of small sample size or because the sample appears as measured by another researcher. In the latter case, the various sets of measurements were checked to see whether discrepancies occurred. There were no discrepancies in placement. (For web version see Figure 4 extra). | |||
Jiangzhai stages I and II | Gao in Gong, 1988 | ||
Hengzhen Shaanxi Neolithic Yangshao | Wu and Zhang, 1985 | ||
Fangxian Hubei Neolithic | Wu and Zhang, 1985 | ||
Zengpiyan Guangxi Neolithic | Wu and Zhang, 1985 | ||
Chengzi Shandong Neolithic | Han, 1990 | ||
Anyang sacrificial tombs Shang Dynasty | Pietrusewsky, 1995 | ||
Sacrificial tombs Anyang | Howells, 1983 & 1989 | ||
Hainan Cantonese | Howells, 1983 & 1989 | ||
Atayal Taiwan | Howells, 1983 & 1989 |